### Copyright Notice / Disclaimer
# Wheels Vehicle Simulation Code Example
# More information may be found at http://www.virtual-car.org/
# Copyright 2010 by Mike Safoutin. All Rights Reserved
# This code may be used and modified free of charge by anyone so long as this
# copyright notice and the comments above remain intact and the author is credited.
# By using this code you agree to indemnify the author from any liability that might
# arise from its use.  No warranty of any kind is express or implied and user
# assumes all risks associated with the use of this code.
# Obtain permission before redistributing this code over any medium.  
# In all cases this copyright notice and comments above must remain intact.
### End Copyright Notice / Disclaimer

# This is an example of Perl code that might be used to compute the equation of motion
# for a vehicle on a second-by-second basis. It is adapted from the code used for the
# Wheels vehicle simulation at http://www.virtual-car.org/ .
# Please report any errors or questions via the contact means provided at that site.

# Note: 
#  In Perl, variable names begin with '$'
#  Comments begin with '#'
#  Assignment Operator:	'='
#  Is Equal To:			'=='
#  Not Equal To:		'!='
#  Variables are global unless preceded by 'my' on first use, in which case they are local to the scope of the 'my'.

# Receive raw user params from CGI form input
$zCD = $cgiVals{'cd'};  		# drag coefficient
$zCRR = $cgiVals{'crr'};		# rolling resistance coefficient
$zROTFACTOR = $cgiVals{'rot'};	# rotational inertia factor
$cwunit = $cgiVals{'cwunit'};		# units for curb weight
$zCW = $cgiVals{'cw'};			# curb weight
$plunit = $cgiVals{'plunit'};		# payload units
$zPAYLOAD = $cgiVals{'payload'};	# payload
$faunit = $cgiVals{'faunit'};		# frontal area units
$zAREA = $cgiVals{'area'};		# frontal area
$zWHDIA = $cgiVals{'whdia'};		# wheel diameter
$wdunit = $cgiVals{'wdunit'};		# wheel diameter units
$grunit = $cgiVals{'grunit'};		# grade units (not currently in use)
$zGRADE = $cgiVals{'grade'};		# grade (not currently in use)
$zRHO = $cgiVals{'rho'};		# air density
$adunit = $cgiVals{'adunit'};		# air density units
$sched = $cgiVals{'sched'};		# driving schedule name
$zEE = $cgiVals{'ee'};			# average engine efficiency (percent)
$zDE = $cgiVals{'de'};			# average drivetrain efficiency (percent)
$zRE = $cgiVals{'re'};			# average regen efficiency (percent)
$hv = $cgiVals{'hv'};			# fuel heating value
$hvunit = $cgiVals{'hvunit'};		# fuel heating value units
$reunit = $cgiVals{'reunit'};		# regen efficiency units (not in use, assumes percent)
$eeunit = $cgiVals{'eeunit'};		# engine efficiency units (not in use, assumes percent)
$deunit = $cgiVals{'deunit'};		# drivetrain efficiency units (not in use, assumes percent)
$target_mpg = $cgiVals{'mpg'};	# target mi/gal
	
$ee = $zEE/100;	# convert percent to decimal
$de = $zDE/100;
$re = $zRE/100;
	
# override grade - not currently in use
$zGRADE = 0;
$grunit = 'percent';
	
$enerfactor = 1;
$enerunit = 'J';
$fuel_btugal = $hv;

# copy input vals for internal use
$CW = $zCW;
$CD = $zCD;
$CRR = $zCRR;
$ROTFACTOR = $zROTFACTOR;
$WHDIA = $zWHDIA;
$PAYLOAD = $zPAYLOAD;
$AREA = $zAREA;
$grade = $zGRADE;
$RHO = $zRHO;

# convert funky units into SI units
if ($cwunit eq 'lb') { $CW = $zCW/2.20462262 };
if ($plunit eq 'lb') { $PAYLOAD = $zPAYLOAD/2.20462262 };
if ($faunit eq 'ft2') { $AREA = $zAREA/(3.28084*3.28084) };
if ($wdunit eq 'ft') { $WHDIA = $zWHDIA/3.28084 }
   elsif ($wdunit eq 'in') { $WHDIA = $zWHDIA/39.3700787 };
if ($adunit eq 'lb/ft3') { $RHO = $zRHO * 16.0084 };
$grade = $grade * 0.0174533;  #Degrees to radians

# input the specified drive cycle
&getdrivecycle;

# initialize
&initrun;

# simulate
&simdrive;

# output results
&outscreen;


### END MAIN


################################################################################
sub getdrivecycle {

	# read driving cycle from file
	# assumed in mi/hr format

	# open for input
	open(SCHED, "<$filepath")         or die "can't open $filepath: $!";	

	my $mysec = -1;
	# foreach line SCHED:
	while (<SCHED>)
	{
		$thisline = $_;
		my @elements = split(/\,/, $thisline);
		$mysec++;
		$MPH[$mysec] = $elements[1];
		$VEL[$mysec] = $elements[1] * 63360/141732; #mi/hr to m/sec
				
	}

	#done with file	
	close(SCHED);
	
	$NSEC = $mysec;

}


################################################################################
sub initrun {

	if ($NSEC > 0)
	{
		#-----Initialize all computed vars for last run
		my $i;
		for ($i = 0; $i <= $NSEC; $i++)
		{
			$AMODE[$i] = 0;
			$BMODE[$i] = 0;
			$CMODE[$i] = 0;
			$MEANVEL[$i] = 0;
			$WHLRPM[$i] = 0;
			$NETTIREPOWER[$i] = 0;
			$NETAEROPOWER[$i] = 0;
			$BRAKEPOWER[$i] = 0;
			$WHLDEMAND[$i] = 0;
			$GRSTIREPOWER[$i] = 0;
			$GRSAEROPOWER[$i] = 0;
			$INERPOWER[$i] = 0;
		}
	}
}

################################################################################
sub simdrive {

	#-----Driving Schedule Simulation
	#---- Mode A: TOTLFORCE > 0 and INERFORCE > 0 (acceleration)
	#---- Mode B: TOTLFORCE > 0 and INERFORCE < 0 (powered deceleration)
	#---- Mode C: TOTLFORCE < 0 and INERFORCE < 0 (braking)
	
	#-----Initialize
	$NETAEROENER = 0;
	$GRSAEROENER = 0;
	$NETTIREENER = 0;
	$GRSTIREENER = 0;
	$POSKENER = 0;
	$GRSAEROmodeA = 0;
	$GRSTIREmodeA = 0;
	$GRSINERmodeA = 0;
	$GRSBRAKEmodeA = 0;
	$GRSAEROmodeB = 0;
	$GRSTIREmodeB = 0;
	$GRSINERmodeB = 0;
	$GRSBRAKEmodeB = 0;
	$GRSAEROmodeC = 0;
	$GRSTIREmodeC = 0;
	$GRSINERmodeC = 0;
	$GRSBRAKEmodeC = 0;
	
	$IDLESEC = 0;
	$COASTSEC = 0;
	$TOTLENER = 0;
	$BRAKENER = 0;
	$SUMEFF = 0;
	$occur = 0;
	$METERS = 0;
	$A = 0;
	$B = 0;
	$C = 0;
	
	#-----Calculate total (test) mass and inertia mass
	$TESTMASS = $CW + $PAYLOAD;
	$INERMASS = ($ROTFACTOR * $CW) + $PAYLOAD;
	# -----Calculate generalized forces (constant for the run)
	$F0 = $TESTMASS * 9.806 * $CRR;
	$F2 = 0.5 * $RHO * $CD * $AREA;
	
	#---------------------------------------------------------------------
	#------------------------Main driving cycle loop------------------------
	#---------------------------------------------------------------------

	$SEC = -1;

	do
	{
		#-----Go thru seconds of cycle until SEC = NSEC or cancel requested
		$SEC++;
		#-----Calculate mean velocity from current and previous second
		if ($SEC == 0) 
		{ 
			#-----No previous second: set velocity to zero
			$dvdt = 0;
			$MEANVEL[$SEC] = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			$LASTSEC = $SEC - 1;
			$dvdt = $VEL[$SEC] - $VEL[$LASTSEC];
			$ACCELRATE[$SEC] = $dvdt * (141732/63360);
			$MEANVEL[$SEC] = ($VEL[$SEC] + $VEL[$LASTSEC])/2;  #   meters/sec
		}
		if ($SEC != 0)
		{
			#-----Count distance traveled
			$METERS = $METERS + $MEANVEL[$SEC];
			#-----Calculate forces at this second
			$ROLLFORCE = $F0;
			$AEROFORCE = $F2 * $MEANVEL[$SEC] * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
			$INERFORCE = $INERMASS * $dvdt + $TESTMASS * 9.806 * sin($zGRADE);
			$TOTLFORCE = $ROLLFORCE + $AEROFORCE + $INERFORCE;
			#-----Calculate wheel speed
			$WHLRPM[$SEC] = $MEANVEL[$SEC] * 60/(3.14159*$WHDIA);
			#-----Identify driving mode:
			if ($TOTLFORCE < 0)
			{
				#-----Mode C (Braking)
				&modec;
			}
			elsif ($INERFORCE <= 0)
			{
				#-----Mode B (Powered Deceleration)
				&modeb;
			}
			else
			{
				#-----Mode A (Acceleration)
				&modea;
			}
		}
	}

	until ($SEC == $NSEC);


	#---------------------------------------------------------------------
	# ------------------------End of driving cycle loop------------------------
	#---------------------------------------------------------------------

	#-----Compute total distance traveled over cycle
	$MILES = $METERS/1609.344;

}

################################################################################
sub modea {
	#-----Compute energy demand during Mode A events
	#-----TOTLFORCE and INERFORCE are positive
	$A++;
	$AMODE[$SEC] = 1;
	$BMODE[$SEC] = 0;
	$CMODE[$SEC] = 0;
	# -----Accounting
	#Force terms
	#nil
	
	#Power terms
	$GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC] = $ROLLFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC] = $AEROFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$NETTIREPOWER[$SEC] = $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$NETAEROPOWER[$SEC] = $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$INERPOWER[$SEC] = $INERFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$BRAKEPOWER[$SEC] = 0;
	
	#Cumulative terms
	$CUM_RR[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_RR + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$CUM_CD[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_CD + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$CUM_BR[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_BR + $BRAKEPOWER[$SEC];
	
	$LAST_CUM_RR = $CUM_RR[$SEC];
	$LAST_CUM_CD = $CUM_CD[$SEC];
	$LAST_CUM_BR = $CUM_BR[$SEC];
	
	#Ener terms
	$NETTIREENER = $NETTIREENER + $NETTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$NETAEROENER = $NETAEROENER + $NETAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSTIREENER = $GRSTIREENER + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSAEROENER = $GRSAEROENER + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	#Mode ener terms
	$GRSAEROmodeA = $GRSAEROmodeA + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSTIREmodeA = $GRSTIREmodeA + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSINERmodeA = $GRSINERmodeA + $INERPOWER[$SEC];
	### placeholder GRSBRAKEmodeA = $GRSBRAKEmodeA + 0;
	#Checks
	$POSKENER = $POSKENER + $INERPOWER[$SEC];
	#Sums
	$WHLDEMAND[$SEC] = $TOTLFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$TOTLENER = $TOTLENER + $WHLDEMAND[$SEC];
}

################################################################################
sub modeb {
	#-----Compute energy demand during Mode B events
	#-----TOTLFORCE is positive, INERFORCE is negative
	
	$B++;
	$AMODE[$SEC] = 0;
	$BMODE[$SEC] = 1;
	$CMODE[$SEC] = 0;
	
	#-----Count seconds in idle or cruise
	if ($MEANVEL[$SEC] == 0) {$IDLESEC++};

	if (($dvdt == 0) && ($MEANVEL[$SEC] > 0)) { $COASTSEC++ };
	
	#-----Accounting
	#Force terms
	$POSFORCE = $ROLLFORCE + $AEROFORCE;
	$NETROLLFORCE = $ROLLFORCE * ($TOTLFORCE/$POSFORCE);
	
	$NETAEROFORCE = $AEROFORCE * ($TOTLFORCE/$POSFORCE);
	#Power terms
	$INERPOWER[$SEC] = $INERFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$NETTIREPOWER[$SEC] = $NETROLLFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$NETAEROPOWER[$SEC] = $NETAEROFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC] = $ROLLFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC] = $AEROFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$BRAKEPOWER[$SEC] = 0;

	#Cumulative terms
	$CUM_RR[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_RR + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$CUM_CD[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_CD + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$CUM_BR[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_BR + $BRAKEPOWER[$SEC];
	
	$LAST_CUM_RR = $CUM_RR[$SEC];
	$LAST_CUM_CD = $CUM_CD[$SEC];
	$LAST_CUM_BR = $CUM_BR[$SEC];

	#Ener terms
	$NETTIREENER = $NETTIREENER + $NETTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$NETAEROENER = $NETAEROENER + $NETAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSTIREENER = $GRSTIREENER + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSAEROENER = $GRSAEROENER + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	#Mode ener terms
	$GRSAEROmodeB = $GRSAEROmodeB + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSTIREmodeB = $GRSTIREmodeB + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSINERmodeB = $GRSINERmodeB + $INERPOWER[$SEC];
	### placeholder $GRSBRAKEmodeB = $GRSBRAKEmodeB + 0;
	#Sums
	$WHLDEMAND[$SEC] = $NETTIREPOWER[$SEC] + $NETAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$TOTLENER = $TOTLENER + $WHLDEMAND[$SEC];
	
}

################################################################################
sub modec {
	#-----Compute energy demand during Mode C events
	#-----TOTLFORCE is negative or zero
	$C++;
	$AMODE[$SEC] = 0;
	$BMODE[$SEC] = 0;
	$CMODE[$SEC] = 1;
	
	# -----Accounting
	#Force terms
	$BRAKEFORCE = $INERFORCE + $AEROFORCE + $ROLLFORCE; #Sum is always negative
	#Power terms
	$GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC] = $ROLLFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC] = $AEROFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$NETTIREPOWER[$SEC] = 0;
	$NETAEROPOWER[$SEC] = 0;
	$INERPOWER[$SEC] = $INERFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];
	$BRAKEPOWER[$SEC] = $BRAKEFORCE * $MEANVEL[$SEC];

	#Cumulative terms
	$CUM_RR[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_RR + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$CUM_CD[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_CD + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$CUM_BR[$SEC] = $LAST_CUM_BR + $BRAKEPOWER[$SEC];
	
	$LAST_CUM_RR = $CUM_RR[$SEC];
	$LAST_CUM_CD = $CUM_CD[$SEC];
	$LAST_CUM_BR = $CUM_BR[$SEC];

	#Ener terms
	$BRAKENER = $BRAKENER + $BRAKEPOWER[$SEC];
	### placeholder $NETTIREENER = $NETTIREENER + 0;
	### placeholder $NETAEROENER = $NETAEROENER + 0;
	$GRSTIREENER = $GRSTIREENER + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSAEROENER = $GRSAEROENER + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	#Mode ener terms
	$GRSAEROmodeC = $GRSAEROmodeC + $GRSAEROPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSTIREmodeC = $GRSTIREmodeC + $GRSTIREPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSINERmodeC = $GRSINERmodeC + $INERPOWER[$SEC];
	$GRSBRAKEmodeC = $GRSBRAKEmodeC + $BRAKEPOWER[$SEC];
	#Sums
	$WHLDEMAND[$SEC] = 0;
	$TOTLENER = $TOTLENER + $WHLDEMAND[$SEC];
	
}



################################################################################
sub outscreen {

	$totalenerout = $TOTLENER/$enerfactor;
	$totalenerout_kwh = $totalenerout/3600000;
	$totalaeroout = $GRSAEROENER/$enerfactor;
	$aeropercent = ((int($GRSAEROENER/$TOTLENER*10000))/100);
	$totalrollout = (($GRSTIREENER/$enerfactor));
	$rollpercent = ((int($GRSTIREENER/$TOTLENER*10000))/100);
	$totalbrakeout = ((-1*$BRAKENER/$enerfactor));
	$brakepercent = ((int(-1*$BRAKENER/$TOTLENER*10000))/100);
	$actualbalance = ($TOTLENER - $GRSAEROENER - $GRSTIREENER + $BRAKENER);
	$percenterror = (($TOTLENER - $GRSAEROENER - $GRSTIREENER + $BRAKENER) / $TOTLENER) * 100;
	$balancewarning = "Energy balance successful.";
	if ($percenterror > 0.01) {$balancewarning = "NOTE: Energy balance failed."};
	$totalinertia = (($POSKENER/$enerfactor));
	$inertiadrag = (($GRSAEROENER - $NETAEROENER)/$enerfactor);
	$inertiaroll = (($GRSTIREENER - $NETTIREENER)/$enerfactor);
	$inertiabraked = ((-1*$BRAKENER/$enerfactor));
	$inertiabalance = ($POSKENER+$BRAKENER-($GRSAEROENER - $NETAEROENER)-($GRSTIREENER - $NETTIREENER));
	$inertiapercenterror = ($POSKENER+$BRAKENER-($GRSAEROENER - $NETAEROENER)-($GRSTIREENER - $NETTIREENER))/$POSKENER*100;
	$inertiabalancewarning = "Inertia balance successful.";
	if ($inertiapercenterror > 0.01) {$inertiabalancewarning = "NOTE: Inertia balance failed."};
	$distancetraveled = ($METERS/1609.344);
	$kjpermile = (int($TOTLENER/($METERS/1609.344))/1000);
	$kwhpermile = $TOTLENER/($METERS/1609.344)/3600000;

	$pdaccelsec = $B-$IDLESEC-$COASTSEC;

	$thermal_mpg = $distancetraveled/$TOTLENER*$fuel_btugal*1054.35;
	$net_mpg = $thermal_mpg * $ee * $de;
	$regen_mpg = ($distancetraveled/($TOTLENER-$re*abs($BRAKENER))*$fuel_btugal*1054.35) * $ee * $de;

	$thermal_mpg = sprintf "%.2f", $thermal_mpg;
	$net_mpg = sprintf "%.2f", $net_mpg;
	$regen_mpg = sprintf "%.2f", $regen_mpg;
	$totalenerout = sprintf "%.2f", $totalenerout;
	$totalaeroout = sprintf "%.2f", $totalaeroout;
	$totalrollout = sprintf "%.2f", $totalrollout;
	$totalbrakeout = sprintf "%.2f", $totalbrakeout;
	$totalinertia = sprintf "%.2f", $totalinertia;
	$inertiadrag = sprintf "%.2f", $inertiadrag;
	$inertiaroll = sprintf "%.2f", $inertiaroll;
	$inertiabraked = sprintf "%.2f", $inertiabraked;
	$distancetraveled = sprintf "%.2f", $distancetraveled;
	$kjpermile = sprintf "%.2f", $kjpermile;
	$kwhpermile = sprintf "%.4f", $kwhpermile;
	$totalenerout_kwh = sprintf "%.4f", $totalenerout_kwh;

	$matrix1 = $GRSAEROmodeA/$enerfactor;
	$matrix2 = $GRSAEROmodeB/$enerfactor;
	$matrix3 = $GRSAEROmodeC/$enerfactor;
	$matrix4 = $GRSTIREmodeA/$enerfactor;
	$matrix5 = $GRSTIREmodeB/$enerfactor;
	$matrix6 = $GRSTIREmodeC/$enerfactor;
	$matrix7 = $GRSBRAKEmodeA/$enerfactor;
	$matrix8 = $GRSBRAKEmodeB/$enerfactor;
	$matrix9 = -1*$GRSBRAKEmodeC/$enerfactor;
	$matrix10 = $GRSINERmodeA/$enerfactor;
	$matrix11 = $GRSINERmodeB/$enerfactor;
	$matrix12 = $GRSINERmodeC/$enerfactor;

	$aero_sum = $matrix1 + $matrix2 + $matrix3;
	$rolling_sum = $matrix4 + $matrix5 + $matrix6;
	$braking_sum = $matrix7 + $matrix8 + $matrix9;
	$inertia_sum = $matrix10 + $matrix11 + $matrix12;
	$aero_error = $GRSAEROENER - $aero_sum;
	$rolling_error = $GRSTIREENER - $rolling_sum; 
	$braking_error = $BRAKENER + $braking_sum;

	$matrix1 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix1;
	$matrix2 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix2;
	$matrix3 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix3;
	$matrix4 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix4;
	$matrix5 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix5;
	$matrix6 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix6;
	$matrix7 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix7;
	$matrix8 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix8;
	$matrix9 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix9;
	$matrix10 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix10;
	$matrix11 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix11;
	$matrix12 = sprintf "%.2f", $matrix12;

	$aero_sum = sprintf "%.2f", $aero_sum;
	$rolling_sum = sprintf "%.2f", $rolling_sum;
	$braking_sum = sprintf "%.2f", $braking_sum;
	$inertia_sum = sprintf "%.2f", $inertia_sum;

	$totalsec = $IDLESEC+$A+$pdaccelsec+$COASTSEC+$C;

	$exactdistance = $METERS/1609.344;

	print <<endofhtml;
<html><head><title>Wheels Vehicle Simulation</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
body {font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif}
body {font-size:100%}
p {font-size:14px}
br {font-size:14px}
td {font-size:14px}
-->
</style>
</head><body>

<a href="http://www.virtual-car.org/wheels/wheels-road-load-calculation.html">Return to Wheels</a> &#8226; <a href=\"http://www.virtual-car.org/wheels/hybrid_road_load_model.html\">Modeling Methodology</a> &#8226; <a href="http://www.virtual-car.org/">Virtual Car Home Page</a>
<p>
<font size="+2"><b><a href="http://www.virtual-car.org/wheels/wheels-road-load-calculation.html">Wheels</a> Vehicle Simulation</b></font>
<p>  
<font size="+2">Input Parameters</font><br>
<table cellpadding=2>
<tr>
<td>Curb Weight:</td><td>$zCW $cwunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Payload:</td><td>$zPAYLOAD $plunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Drag Coefficient:</td><td>$CD</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Frontal Area:</td><td>$zAREA $faunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rolling Resistance Coefficient:</td><td>$CRR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Wheel Diameter:</td><td>$zWHDIA $wdunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rotation Factor:</td><td>$ROTFACTOR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Grade</td><td>$zGRADE $grunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Air Density:</td><td>$zRHO $adunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ave. engine efficiency:</td><td>$zEE $eeunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ave. drivetrain efficiency:</td><td>$zDE $deunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ave. regen efficiency:</td><td>$zRE $reunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fuel heating value:</td><td>$hv $hvunit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Driving Cycle:</td><td>$sched</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+2">Energy Breakdown - $sched Cycle</font>
<table cellpadding=2>
<tr><td colspan=2>Total energy demanded at wheels:</td><td><font size="+1"><b>$totalenerout $enerunit</b> ($totalenerout_kwh kWh)</font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&#160;</td><td>Consumed by Aerodynamic Drag:</td><td><font size="+1">$totalaeroout $enerunit <b>($aeropercent %)</b></font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&#160;</td><td>Consumed by Rolling Resistance:</td><td><font size="+1">$totalrollout $enerunit <b>($rollpercent %)</b></font></td></tr>
<tr><td>&#160;</td><td>Consumed by Braking:</td><td><font size="+1">$totalbrakeout $enerunit <b>($brakepercent %)</b></font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Distance traveled:</td><td><font size="+1">$distancetraveled miles</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Gross efficiency:</td><td><font size="+1">$kjpermile kJ/mile ($kwhpermile kWh/mile)</font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Gross thermal fuel economy (at wheels):</td><td><font size="+1"><b>$thermal_mpg mi/gal</b></font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Net fuel economy (engine $zEE%, drivetrain $zDE%):</td><td><font size="+1"><b>$net_mpg mi/gal</b></font></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>With regenerative braking at $zRE percent:</td><td><font size="+1"><b>$regen_mpg mi/gal</b></font></td></tr>

<tr><td colspan=2>Time in Idle:</td><td>$IDLESEC sec</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Time in Acceleration:</td><td>$A sec</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Time in Powered Deceleration:</td><td>$pdaccelsec sec</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Time in Cruise:</td><td>$COASTSEC sec</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>Time in Braking:</td><td>$C sec</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>This accounts for $totalsec of $NSEC seconds in the cycle.</td><td></td></tr>

</table>
<p>

endofhtml
;

#-----If energy balance is not valid, explain why
if ($percenterror > 0.01)
{
	print "<font color=\"red\"><b>NOTE: Energy balance failed due to:</b><br>\n";
	if ($zGRADE != 0)
	{
		print "Nonzero grade.<br>";
	}
	elsif (($VEL[$NSEC] != 0) || ($VEL[0] != 0)) 
	{
		print "Nonzero initial or final velocity in driving cycle.<br>";
	}
	else
	{
		print "Unknown reason.<br>";
	}
	print "</font>";
}